1. Mayo, NE, Wood-Dauphinee, S, Côté, R, et al. Activity, participation, and quality of life 6 months poststroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2002;83(8):1035-1042. doi:10.1053/apmr.2002.33984
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI2. Sánchez-López, CR, Perestelo-Pérez, L, Escobar, A, et al. Health-related quality of life in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia. Neurologia. 2017;32(3):143-151. doi:10.1016/j.nrleng.2015.09.002
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline3. Jirsa, VK, Kelso, JAS, eds. Coordination Dynamics: Issues and Trends. New York, Berlin-Heidelberg: Springer; 2004.
Google Scholar | Crossref4. Rose, DK, Winstein, CJ. Bimanual training after stroke: are two hands better than one? Top Stroke Rehabil. 2004;11(4):20-30.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline5. Heard, RC, Kilbreath, SL. Frequency of hand use in healthy older persons. Aust J Physiother. 2005;51(2):119-122.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline6. Kantak, S, Jax, S, Wittenberg, G. Bimanual coordination: a missing piece of arm rehabilitation after stroke. Restor Neurol Neurosci. 2017;35(4):347-364. doi:10.3233/RNN-170737
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline7. Swinnen, SP . Intermanual coordination: from behavioural principles to neural-network interactions. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2002;3(5):348-359.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI8. Wiesendanger, M, Serrien, DJ. The quest to understand bimanual coordination. Prog Brain Res. 2004;143:491-505.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI9. Kilbreath, SL, Crosbie, J, Canning, CG, et al. Inter-limb coordination in bimanual reach-to-grasp following stroke. Disabil Rehabil. 2006;28(23):1435-1443.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline10. Gooijers, J, Swinnen, SP. Interactions between brain structure and behavior: the corpus callosum and bimanual coordination. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2014;43:1-19. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.03.008
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI11. Liuzzi, G, Hörniss, V, Zimerman, M, Gerloff, C, Hummel, FC. Coordination of uncoupled bimanual movements by strictly timed interhemispheric connectivity. J Neurosci. 2011;31(25):9111-9117. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0046-11.2011.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline12. Woodworth, RS . Le Mouvement. Paris: O. Doin; 1903
Google Scholar13. Bernstein, NA . The Co-ordination and Regulation of Movements. Oxford: Pergamon Press; 1967.
Google Scholar14. Sternad, D, Turvey, MT, Saltzman, EL. Dynamics of 1:2 coordination: temporal scaling, latent 1:1, and bistability. J Mot Behav. 1999;31(3):236-247. doi:10.1080/00222899909600991.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline15. Diedrichsen, J, Shadmehr, R, Ivry, RB. The coordination of movement: optimal feedback control and beyond. Trends Cogn Sci. 2010;14(1):31-39. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2009.11.004.x
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI16. Tomita, Y, Rodrigues, MRM, Levin, MF. Upper limb coordination in individuals with stroke: poorly defined and poorly quantified. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2017;31(10-11):885-897. doi:10.1177/1545968317739998
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI17. World Health Organization . International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: ICF. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2001.
Google Scholar18. Kelso, JA . Phase transitions and critical behavior in human bimanual coordination. Am J Physiol. 1984;246(6):1000-1004.
Google Scholar | Medline19. Carson, RG, Riek, S, Smethurst, CJ, et al. Neuromuscular-skeletal constraints upon the dynamics of unimanual and bimanual coordination. Exp Brain Res. 2000;131(2):196-214. doi:10.1007/s002219900272
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline20. Rice, MS, Newell, KM. Upper-extremity interlimb coupling in persons with left hemiplegia due to stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004;85(4):629-634. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2003.08.084
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline21. Ustinova, KI, Fung, J, Levin, MF. Disruption of bilateral temporal coordination during arm swinging in patients with hemiparesis. Exp Brain Res. 2006;169(2):194-207. doi:10.1007/s00221-005-0136-5
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline22. Kopp, B, Kunkel, A, Flor, H. et al. The Arm Motor Ability Test: reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change of an instrument for assessing disabilities in activities of daily living. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1997;78(6):6150620. doi:10.1016/s0003-9993(97)90427-5.
Google Scholar | Crossref23. Demers, M, Levin, MF. Do activity level outcome measures commonly used in neurological practice assess upper-limb movement quality? Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2017;31(7):623-637. doi:10.1177/1545968317714576
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI24. Levin, MF, Kleim, JA, Wolf, SL. What do motor “recovery” and “compensation” mean in patients following stroke? Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2009;23(4):313-319. doi:10.1177/1545968308328727
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI25. Alouche, SR, Molad, R, Demers, M, et al. Development of a comprehensive outcome measure for motor coordination; step 1: three-phase content validity process. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2021;35(2):185-193. doi:10.1177/1545968320981955
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI26. Molad, R, Alouche, SR, Demers, M, et al. Development of a comprehensive outcome measure for motor coordination, step 2: reliability and construct validity in chronic stroke patients. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2021;35(2):194-203. doi:10.1177/1545968320981943
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI27. Serrien, DJ, Brown, P. The functional role of interhemispheric synchronization in the control of bimanual timing tasks. Exp Brain Res. 2002;147(2):268-272. doi:10.1007/s00221-002-1253-z.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline28. Meister, IG, Foltys, H, Gallea, C, Hallett, M. How the brain handles temporally uncoupled bimanual movements. Cereb Cortex. 2010;20(12):2996-3004. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhq048.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline29. Shih, PC, Steele, CJ, Nikulin, V, Villringer, A, Sehm, B. Kinematic profiles suggest differential control processes involved in bilateral in-phase and anti-phase movements. Sci Rep. 2019;9:3273. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-40295-1.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline30. Bernhardt, J, Bate, PJ, Matyas, TA. Accuracy of observational kinematic assessment of upper-limb movements. Phys Ther. 1998;78(3):259-270.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline31. Mokkink, LB, Terwee, CB, Patrick, DL, et al. The COSMIN study reached international consensus on taxonomy, terminology, and definitions of measurement properties for health-related patient-reported outcomes. J Clin Epidemiol. 2010;63(7):737-745. doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.02.006
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI32. Nasreddine, ZS, Phillips, NA, Bédirian, V, et al. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MOCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005;53(4):695-699.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI33. Fugl-Meyer, AR, Jääskö, L, Leyman, I, et al. The post-stroke hemiplegic patient. 1. A method for evaluation of physical performance. Scand J Rehabil Med. 1974;7(1):13-31.
Google Scholar34. Swaine, BR, Sullivan, SJ. Reliability of the scores for the finger-to-nose test in adults with traumatic brain injury. Phys Ther. 1993;73(2):71-78.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI35. Barreca, S, Gowland, CK, Stratford, P, et al. Development of the Chedoke Arm and Hand Activity Inventory: theoretical constructs, item generation, and selection. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2004;11(4):31-42.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline36. Mathiowetz, V, Volland, G, Kashman, N, et al. Adult norms for the Box and Block Test of manual dexterity. Am J Occup Ther. 1985;39(6):386-391.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI37. Platz, T, Pinkowski, C, van Wijck, F, et al. Reliability and validity of arm function assessment with standardized guidelines for the Fugl-Meyer Test, Action Research Arm Test and Box and Block Test: a multicentre study. Clin Rehabil. 2005;19(4):404-411.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI38. Rodrigues, MRM, Slimovitch, M, Chilingaryan, G, et al. Does the Finger-to-Nose Test measure upper limb coordination in chronic stroke? J NeuroEng Rehabil. 2017;14(1):1-11. doi:10.1186/s12984-016-0213-y
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline39. Gagnon, C, Mathieu, J, Desrosiers, J. Standardized finger-nose test validity for coordination assessment in an ataxic disorder. Can J Neurol Sci. 2004;31(4):484-489.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI40. Chen, HM, Chen, CC, Hsueh, IP, et al. Test-retest reproducibility and smallest real difference of 5 hand function tests in patients with stroke. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2009;23(5):435-440. doi:10.1177/1545968308331146
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI41. Fuchs, A, Kelso, JA. A theoretical note on models of interlimb coordination. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1994;20(5):1088-1097.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline42. Lamb, PF, Stöckl, M. On the use of continuous relative phase: review of current approaches and outline for a new standard. Clin Biomech. 2014;29:284-293.
Google Scholar | Crossref43. Cohen, J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. 2nd ed. Hillsdale, NJ: L. Erlbaum Associates; 1988.
Google Scholar44. Hancock, PA, Newell, KM. The movement speed-accuracy relationship in space-time. In: Heuer, H, Kleinbeck, U, Schmidt, KH, eds. Motor Behavior: programing, control and activation. Berlin: Springer; 1985:153-188. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-69749-4_5
Google Scholar | Crossref45. Fitts, PM . The information capacity of the human motor system in controlling the amplitude of movement. J Exp Psychol. 1954;47:381–391. doi:10.1037/h0055392
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline46. Thaut, MH, Kenyon, GP, Hurt, CP, et al. Kinematic optimization of spatiotemporal patterns in paretic arm training with stroke patients. Neuropsychologia. 2002;40(7):1073-1081. doi:10.1016/S0028-3932(01)00141-5
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline47. Koziol, LF, Budding, DE. Subcortical Structures and Cognition: Implications for Neuropsychological Assessment. New York: Springer; 2009.
Google Scholar | Crossref48. Felix, RA, Fridberger, A, Leijon, S, et al. Sound rhythms are encoded by postinhibitory rebound spiking in the superior paraolivary nucleus. J Neurosci. 2011;31(35):12566-12578. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2450-11.2011
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline49. Thaut, MH, Kenyon, GP, Schauer, ML, et al. The connection between rhythmicity and brain function. IEEE Eng Med Biol Mag. 1999;18(2):101-108.
Google Scholar | Crossref