Serum tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐1β, interleukin‐6, interleukin‐17 relates to anxiety and depression risks to some extent in non‐small cell lung cancer survivor

Introduction

Inflammatory cytokines are proposed as modulators for the pathogenesis of anxiety and depression (anxiety/depression), and anxiety/depression are frequent existed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) survivors. However, no published study has explored the association of inflammation cytokines with anxiety/depression in NSCLC survivors.

Objectives

We aimed to evaluate serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin -1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-17 (IL-17) levels, and their correlations with anxiety/depression in NSCLC survivors.

Methods

Totally, 217 NSCLC survivors and 200 controls were recruited. Then, inflammatory cytokines in serum samples were detected by ELISA. Besides, their anxiety/depression status was assessed by Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).

Results

HADS-anxiety score, anxiety rate, anxiety severity, HADS-depression score, depression rate and depression severity were all increased in NSCLC survivors compared with controls (all P<0.001). Regarding inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-17 levels were higher (all P<0.01), while IL-6 (P=0.105) level was of no difference in NSCLC survivors compared with controls. Furthermore, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-17 were all positively associated with HADS-A score (all P<0.05), anxiety occurrence (all P<0.05), HADS-D score (all P<0.05) and depression occurrence (all P<0.05) in NSCLC survivors; while the correlation-coefficients were weak. Additionally, multivariate logistic regression analyses disclosed that TNF-α (both P<0.05) and IL-1β (both P<0.001) were independently correlated with increased anxiety and depression risks in NSCLC survivors.

Conclusion

Serum TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-17 are related to increased anxiety and depression risks to some extent in NSCLC survivors.

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