1. Malavolta, M, Caraceni, D, Olivieri, F, Antonicelli, R. New challenges of geriatric cardiology: from clinical to preclinical research. J Geriatr Cardiol. 2017;14(4):223-232. doi:10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2017.04.005.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline2. Rodgers, JL, Jones, J, Bolleddu, SI, et al. Cardiovascular risks associated with gender and aging. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. 2019;6(2):19. doi:10.3390/jcdd6020019.
Google Scholar | Crossref3. World Health Organization website . Ageing and health. Published February 8, 2018. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageing-and-health.
Google Scholar4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website . Adults need more physical activity. Published March 23, 2019. https://www.cdc.gov/physicalactivity/inactivity-among-adults-50plus/index.html
Google Scholar5. Kim, H, Caulfield, LE, Garcia-Larsen, V, Steffen, LM, Coresh, J, Rebholz, CM. Plant-based diets are associated with a lower risk of incident cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular disease mortality, and all-cause mortality in a general population of middle-aged adults. J Am Heart Assoc. 2019;8(16):e012865. doi:10.1161/JAHA.119.012865F.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline6. Satija, A, Hu, FB. Plant-based diets and cardiovascular health. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2018;28(7):437-441. doi:10.1016/j.tcm.2018.02.004.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline7. Cogswell, ME, Mugavero, K, Bowman, BA, Frieden, TR. Dietary sodium and cardiovascular disease risk — measurement matters. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(6):580-586. doi:10.1056/NEJMsb1607161.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline8. Sandesara, PB, Virani, SS, Fazio, S, Shapiro, MD. The forgotten lipids: triglycerides, remnant cholesterol, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk. Endocr Rev. 2019;40(2):537-557. doi:10.1210/er.2018-00184.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline9. Morton, D, Rankin, P, Kent, L, Dysinger, W. The complete health improvement program (CHIP): history, evaluation, and outcomes. Am J Lifestyle Med. 2014;10(1):64-73. doi:10.1177/1559827614531391.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals10. Drozek, D, Diehl, H, Nakazawa, M, Kostohryz, T, Morton, D, Shubrook, JH. Short-term effectiveness of a lifestyle intervention program for reducing selected chronic disease risk factors in individuals living in rural appalachia: a pilot cohort study. Adv Prev Med. 2014;2014:1-7. doi:10.1155/2014/798184.
Google Scholar | Crossref11. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website . Healthy aging: promoting well-being in older adults. World Health Organization website. https://www.cdc.gov/grand-rounds/pp/2017/20170919-senior-aging.html
Google Scholar12. Morton, D, Rankin, P, Kent, L, et al. The complete health improvement program (CHIP) and reduction of chronic disease risk factors in Canada. Can J Diet Pract Res. 2014;75(2):72-77. doi:10.3148/75.2.2014.72.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline13. Tuso, P, Stoll, SR, Li, WW. A plant-based diet, atherogenesis, and coronary artery disease prevention. Perm J. 2015;19(1):62-67. doi:10.7812/TPP/14-036.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline14. Sedighi, M, Bahmani, M, Asgary, S, Beyranvand, F, Rafieian-Kopaei, M. A review of plant-based compounds and medicinal plants effective on atherosclerosis. J Res Med Sci. 2017;22(30):30. doi:10.4103/1735-1995.202151.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline15. Barnard, ND, Cohen, J, Jenkins, DJA, et al. A low-fat vegan diet improves glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in a randomized clinical trial in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2006;29(8):1777-1783. doi:10.2337/dc06-0606.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI16. Lee, Y-M, Kim, S-A, Lee, I-K, et al. Effect of a brown rice based vegan diet and conventional diabetic diet on glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes: a 12-week randomized clinical trial. PLoS ONE. 2016;11(6):e0155918. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0155918.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline17. Kahleova, H, Levin, S, Barnard, N. Cardio-metabolic benefits of plant-based diets. Nutrients. 2017;9(8):848. doi:10.3390/nu9080848.
Google Scholar | Crossref18. Alexander, S, Ostfeld, RJ, Allen, K, Williams, KA. A plant-based diet and hypertension. J Geriatr Cardiol. 2017;14(5):327-330.
Google Scholar | Medline19. Huang, T, Yang, B, Zheng, J, Li, G, Wahlqvist, ML, Li, D. Cardiovascular disease mortality and cancer incidence in vegetarians: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Ann Nutr Metab. 2012;60(4):233-240. doi:10.1159/000337301.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI20. Crowe, FL, Appleby, PN, Travis, RC, Key, TJ. Risk of hospitalization or death from ischemic heart disease among British vegetarians and nonvegetarians: results from the EPIC-Oxford cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;97(3):597-603. doi:10.3945/ajcn.112.044073.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI21. Chen, Z, Schoufour, JD, Rivadeneira, F, et al. Plant-based diet and adiposity over time in a middle-aged and elderly population: the rotterdam study. Epidemiology. 2019;30(2):303-310. doi:10.1097/EDE.0000000000000961.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline22. Azemati, B, Rajaram, S, Jaceldo-Siegl, K, et al. Animal-protein intake is associated with insulin resistance in adventist health study 2 (AHS-2) calibration substudy participants: a cross-sectional analysis. Curr Dev Nutr. 2017;1(4):e000299. doi:10.3945/cdn.116.000299.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline23. Utami, DB, Findyartini, A. Plant-based diet for hbA1c reduction in type 2 diabetes mellitus: an evidence-based case report. Acta Med Indones. 2018;50(3):260-267.
Google Scholar | Medline24. Arts, IC, Hollman, PC. Polyphenols and disease risk in epidemiologic studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;81(1):317S-325S. doi:10.1093/ajcn/81.1.317s
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI25. Giugliano, D, Ceriello, A, Esposito, K. The effects of diet on inflammation: emphasis on the metabolic syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;48(4):677-685. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2006.03.052.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI26. Medawar, E, Huhn, S, Villringer, A, Veronica Witte, A. The effects of plant-based diets on the body and the brain: a systematic review. Transl Psychiatry. 2019;9(1):1-17. doi:10.1038/s41398-019-0552-0.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline27. Tian, D, Meng, J. Exercise for prevention and relief of cardiovascular disease: prognoses, mechanisms, and approaches. Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2019; 2019:1-11. doi:10.1155/2019/3756750.
Google Scholar | Crossref28. Langhammer, B, Bergland, A, Rydwik, E. The importance of physical activity exercise among older people. BioMed Res Int. 2018;2018:7856823. doi:10.1155/2018/7856823.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline29. Musich, S, Wang, SS, Hawkins, K, Greame, C. The frequency and health benefits of physical activity for older adults. Popul Health Manag. 2017;20(3):199-207. doi:10.1089/pop.2016.0071.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline30. Lakatta, EG, Wang, M, Najjar, SS. Arterial aging and subclinical arterial disease are fundamentally intertwined at macroscopic and molecular levels. Med Clin. 2009;93(3):583-604. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2009.02.008.
Google Scholar | Crossref31. Bentzon, JF, Otsuka, F, Virmani, R, Falk, E. Mechanisms of plaque formation and rupture. Circ Res. 2014;114(12):1852-1866. doi:10.1161/circresaha.114.302721.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline32. Libby, P . Assisted living in the atheroma: elderly macrophages promote plaques. Cell Metabol. 2016;24(6):779-781. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2016.11.013.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline33. Boccardi, V, Esposito, A, Rizzo, MR, Marfella, R, Barbieri, M, Paolisso, G. Mediterranean diet, telomere maintenance and health status among elderly. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(4):e62781. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0062781.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI34. Nicklett, EJ, Kadell, AR. Fruit and vegetable intake among older adults: a scoping review. Maturitas. 2013;75(4):305-312. doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2013.05.00.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline35. Hever, J, Cronise, RJ. Plant-based nutrition for healthcare professionals: implementing diet as a primary modality in the prevention and treatment of chronic disease. J Geriatr Cardiol. 2017;14(5):355-368. doi:10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2017.05.012.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline36. Ricker, MA, Haas, WC. Anti-inflammatory diet in clinical practice: a review. Nutr Clin Pract. 2017;32(3):318-325. doi:10.1177/0884533617700353.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline37. Tian, T, Yang, K-Q, Cui, J-G, Zhou, L-L, Zhou, X-L. Folic acid supplementation for stroke prevention in patients with cardiovascular disease. Am J Med Sci. 2017;354(4):379-387. doi:10.1016/j.amjms.2017.05.020.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline38. Chen, X, Maguire, B, Brodaty, H, O’Leary, F. Dietary patterns and cognitive health in older adults: a systematic review. J Alzheimers Dis. 2019;67(2):583-619. doi:10.3233/JAD-180468.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline39. González-Ortiz, A, Xu, H, Avesani, CM, et al. Plant-based diets, insulin sensitivity and inflammation in elderly men with chronic kidney disease. J Nephrol. 2020;33:1091-1101. doi:10.1007/s40620-020-00765-6.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline