Al-Khatib SM, Stevenson WG, Ackerman MJ et al (2018) 2017 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000549

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Boyle N (2019) A clinical review of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with congestive heart failure. EMJ Cardiol. https://doi.org/10.33590/emjcardiol/18-00058R1

Article  Google Scholar 

Arzt M, Oldenburg O, Graml A et al (2017) Phenotyping of sleep-disordered breathing in patients with chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction—the SchlaHF registry. JAHA. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.116.005899

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Peppard PE, Young T, Barnet JH et al (2013) Increased prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in adults. Epidemiol Rev. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kws342

Article  Google Scholar 

Benjafield AV, Ayas NT, Eastwood PR et al (2019) Estimation of the global prevalence and burden of obstructive sleep apnoea: a literature-based analysis. Lancet Respir Med 7:687–698. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(19)30198-5

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Arzt M, Woehrle H, Oldenburg O et al (2016) Prevalence and predictors of sleep-disordered breathing in patients with stable chronic heart failure: the SchlaHF registry. JACC Heart Fail 4:116–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchf.2015.09.014

Article  Google Scholar 

Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung E. V. (2013) Wem nützen vorsorglich implantierte Defibrillatoren? EU fördert europaweite Studie mit 6 Mio Euro. https://dzhk.de/aktuelles/news/artikel/wem-nuetzen-vorsorglich-implantierte-defibrillatoren-eu-foerdert-europaweite-studie-mit-6-mio-euro/. Zugegriffen: 27. März 2020

Rossi VA, Stradling JR, Kohler M (2013) Effects of obstructive sleep apnoea on heart rhythm. Eur Respir J 41:1439–1451. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00128412

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sano K, Watanabe E, Hayano J et al (2013) Central sleep apnoea and inflammation are independently associated with arrhythmia in patients with heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 15:1003–1010. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjhf/hft066

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bradley TD, Floras JS (2003) Sleep apnea and heart failure: part II: central sleep apnea. Circulation 107:1822–1826. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000061758.05044.64

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yu L, Li H, Liu X et al (2020) Left ventricular remodeling and dysfunction in obstructive sleep apnea: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Herz 45:726–738. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-019-04850-w

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fisser C, Götz K, Hetzenecker A et al (2020) Obstructive sleep apnoea but not central sleep apnoea is associated with left ventricular remodelling after acute myocardial infarction. Clin Res Cardiol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-020-01684-z

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hetzenecker A, Escourrou P, Kuna ST et al (2016) Treatment of sleep apnea in chronic heart failure patients with auto-servo ventilation improves sleep fragmentation: a randomized controlled trial. Sleep Med 17:25–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2015.08.020

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hetzenecker A, Roth T, Birner C et al (2016) Adaptive servo-ventilation therapy of central sleep apnoea and its effect on sleep quality. Clin Res Cardiol 105:189–195. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-015-0904-6

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Scherlag BJ, Kabell G, Harrison L, Lazzara R (1982) Mechanisms of bradycardia-induced ventricular arrhythmias in myocardial ischemia and infarction. Circulation 65:1429–1434. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.65.7.1429

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Winkle RA (1982) The relationship between ventricular ectopic beat frequency and heart rate. Circulation 66:439–446. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.66.2.439

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yiu K‑H, Tse H‑F (2008) Hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias: a review of the epidemiology, pathophysiology and clinical implications. J Hum Hypertens 22:380–388. https://doi.org/10.1038/jhh.2008.10

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Guilleminault C, Connolly SJ, Winkle RA (1983) Cardiac arrhythmia and conduction disturbances during sleep in 400 patients with sleep apnea syndrome. Am J Cardiol 52:490–494. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9149(83)90013-9

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Linz D, McEvoy RD, Cowie MR et al (2018) Associations of obstructive sleep apnea with atrial fibrillation and continuous positive airway pressure treatment: a review. JAMA Cardiol 3:532. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2018.0095

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hall MJ, Ando S‑I, Floras JS, Bradley TD (1998) Magnitude and time course of hemodynamic responses to Mueller maneuvers in patients with congestive heart failure. J Appl Physiol 85:1476–1484. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1998.85.4.1476

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Trinder J, Merson R, Rosenberg JI et al (2000) Pathophysiological interactions of ventilation, arousals, and blood pressure oscillations during cheyne-stokes respiration in patients with heart failure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 162:808–813. https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.162.3.9806080

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Peng Y‑J, Yuan G, Ramakrishnan D et al (2006) Heterozygous HIF-1alpha deficiency impairs carotid body-mediated systemic responses and reactive oxygen species generation in mice exposed to intermittent hypoxia. J Physiol 577:705–716. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2006.114033

CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Daly MD, Scott MJ (1963) The cardiovascular responses to stimulation of the carotid body chemoreceptors in the dog. J Physiol 165:179–197. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1963.sp007051

CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Prabhakar NR, Kumar GK (2004) Oxidative stress in the systemic and cellular responses to intermittent hypoxia. Biol Chem 385:217–221. https://doi.org/10.1515/BC.2004.015

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Peng Y, Yuan G, Overholt JL et al (2003) Systemic and cellular responses to intermittent hypoxia: evidence for oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Adv Exp Med Biol 536:559–564. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9280-2_71

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen L, Zhang J, Gan TX et al (2008) Left ventricular dysfunction and associated cellular injury in rats exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia. J Appl Physiol 104:218–223. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00301.2007

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jeong E‑M, Liu M, Sturdy M et al (2012) Metabolic stress, reactive oxygen species, and arrhythmia. J Mol Cell Cardiol 52:454–463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yjmcc.2011.09.018

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Eckert DJ, Younes MK (2014) Arousal from sleep: implications for obstructive sleep apnea pathogenesis and treatment. J Appl Physiol 116:302–313. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00649.2013

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bradley TD, Floras JS (1996) Pathophysiologic and therapeutic implicationsof sleep apnea in congestive heart failure. J Cardiac Fail 2:223–240. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1071-9164(96)80045-5

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Simms T, Brijbassi M, Montemurro LT, Bradley TD (2013) Differential timing of arousals in obstructive and central sleep apnea in patients with heart failure. J Clin Sleep Med 09:773–779. https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.2918

Article  Google Scholar 

Pinto JM, Garpestad E, Weiss JW et al (1993) Hemodynamic changes associated with obstructive sleep apnea followed by arousal in a porcine model. J Appl Physiol 75:1439–1443. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1993.75.4.1439

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Naughton MT, Benard DC, Liu PP et al (1995) Effects of nasal CPAP on sympathetic activity in patients with heart failure and central sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 152:473–479. https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.152.2.7633695

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Macedo PG, Brugada J, Leinveber P et al (2011) Sleep-disordered breathing in patients with the Brugada syndrome. Am J Cardiol 107:709–713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2010.10.046

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

May AM, May RD, Bena J et al (2019) Individual periodic limb movements with arousal are temporally associated with nonsustained ventricular tachycardia: a case-crossover analysis. Sleep 42:zsz165. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsz165

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Selim BJ, Koo BB, Qin L et al (2016) The association between nocturnal cardiac arrhythmias and sleep-disordered breathing: the DREAM study. J Clin Sleep Med 12:829–837. https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.5880

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Somers VK, Dyken ME, Skinner JL (1993) Autonomic and hemodynamic responses and interactions during the Mueller maneuver in humans. J Auton Nerv Syst 44:253–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1838(93)90038-v

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Leung RST, Diep TM, Bowman ME et al (2004) Provocation of ventricular ectopy by Cheyne-stokes respiration in patients with heart failure. Sleep 27:1337–1343. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/27.7.1337

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Franz MR, Cima R, Wang D et al (1992) Electrophysiological effects of myocardial stretch and mechanical determinants of stretch-activated arrhythmias. Circulation 86:968–978. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.86.3.968

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Hetzenecker A, Buchner S, Greimel T et al (2013) Cardiac workload in patients with sleep-disordered breathing early after acute myocardial infarction. Chest 143:1294–1301. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.12-1930

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Perrelli M‑G (2011) Ischemia/reperfusion injury and cardioprotective mechanisms: role of mitochondria and reactive oxygen species. WJC 3:186. https://doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v3.i6.186