SEM‐EDS analysis of ancient bronze artifacts of urartian period from Yegheghnadzor region, Armenia

The results of the analysis on some fragments of bronze belts and a bowl discovered from southwestern Armenia, Yegheghnadzor archaeological site, are discussed. The samples are dated to the 7-6 BCE from the Urartian period. The artifacts were corroded and a multilayer structure was formed. To study the stratigraphy of layers and their composition the samples have been analyzed using SEM-EDS (Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive Spectrometry) and OM (Optical Microscopy) techniques. The bronze finds appear with the typical incrustations rich in alloy alteration compounds. Concentrations of copper and tin in the alloys were quantified by SEM-EDS: the pattern and the percentage of the alloy are the same for the belts. Regarding the bowl sample, it is constituted by two foils, perfectly in contact but different in colour, thickness and composition. The results evidenced that only two elements participate in forming alloy composition in the samples: Cu and Sn. The tin content is variable from 7.75 to 13.56%. Other elements such as Ag, As, Fe, Ni, P, Pb, Sb, and Zn are lower more than 1% and can be considered as impurities.

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