Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany

Michael Bauer, Edgar Arrua Vares, Rita Bauer, Markus Donix, Ute Lewitzka, Andrea Pfennig, Maximilian Pilhatsch, Philipp Ritter & Emanuel Severus

ChronoRecord Association, Fullerton, CA, USA

Tasha Glenn

Division of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA

Eric D. Achtyes

Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada

Martin Alda, Claire O‘Donovan & Joanne Petite

Department of Psychiatry, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey

Esen Agaoglu, Yavuz Ayhan, Şule Bicakci & Oguz Kaan Yalcinkaya

Department of Psychiatry, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Mazhar Osman Mood Center, Konya, Turkey

Kürşat Altınbaş

NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

Ole A. Andreassen, Thomas D. Bjella & Ingrid Melle

Department of Psychiatry, National and Capodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece

Elias Angelopoulos

Section of Neurosciences and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy

Raffaella Ardau, Maria Del Zompo & Enrica Mosca

Department of Psychiatry, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey

Memduha Aydin

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne Medical School, Cologne, Germany

Christopher Baethge

Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Munster, Germany

Bernhard T. Baune

Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia

Bernhard T. Baune

The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia

Bernhard T. Baune

Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

Ceylan Balaban, Andreas Reif & Julia Veeh

National Institute of Psychiatry “Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz”, Mexico City, Mexico

Claudia Becerra-Palars & Fátima Meza-Urzúa

Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Helen DeVos Children’s Hospital, Michigan State University-CHM, Grand Rapids, MI, USA

Aniruddh P. Behere

Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed University), Wardha, India

Prakash B. Behere

Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

Habte Belete & Tilahun Belete

Bipolar Disorder Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil

Gabriel Okawa Belizario & Beny Lafer

Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM UMR-S1144, Université de Paris, FondaMental Foundation, Paris, France

Frank Bellivier & Bruno Etain

Professor Emeritus of Psychiatry, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel

Robert H. Belmaker

University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy

Francesco Benedetti

Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy

Francesco Benedetti & Sara Dallaspezia

Deakin University, IMPACT-The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia

Michael Berk, Angela Marianne Paredes Castro & Seetal Dodd

Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia

Michael Berk

Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beer Sheva Mental Health Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel

Yuly Bersudsky & Yamima Osher

Department of Psychiatry, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey

Şule Bicakci

Butabika Hospital, Kampala, Uganda

Harriet Birabwa-Oketcho

Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, St Patrick’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland

Conan Brady & Maria Redahan

Mood Disorders Clinic, Dr. Jose Horwitz Psychiatric Institute, Santiago de Chile, Chile

Jorge Cabrera

Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, Piacenza, Italy

Marco Cappucciati, Silvia Chiesa & Massimiliano Imbesi

Department of Psychiatry, Chiayi Branch, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan

Wei-Ling Chen

Private Practice, Central, Hong Kong

Eric Y. Wo Cheung

Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand

Marie Crowe & Richard Porter

Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Siena School of Medicine, Siena, Italy

Alessandro Cuomo & Andrea Fagiolini

Pine Rest Christian Mental Health Services, Grand Rapids, MI, USA

Pratikkumar Desai, Kellen Stilwell & Daniel Tuinstra

Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia

Seetal Dodd

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria

Frederike T. Fellendorf, Melanie Lenger, Michaela Ratzenhofer & Eva Z. Reininghaus

Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland

Ewa Ferensztajn-Rochowiak & Janusz K. Rybakowski

Department of Psychiatry, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada

Jess G. Fiedorowicz

3rd Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

Kostas N. Fountoulakis & Gregory N. Karakatsoulis

Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Depression Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

Mark A. Frye

Département de Psychiatrie et d’addictologie, AP-HP, Hopital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France

Pierre A. Geoffroy

GHU Paris-Psychiatry and Neurosciences, 75014, Paris, France

Pierre A. Geoffroy

Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, Paris, France

Pierre A. Geoffroy

BIOARABA, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Alava, University of the Basque Country, CIBERSAM, Vitoria, Spain

Ana Gonzalez-Pinto

Department of Psychiatry, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA

John F. Gottlieb

Mood Disorders Center of Ottawa and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Ottawa, Canada

Paul Grof

Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

Bartholomeus C. M. Haarman & Ybe Meesters

Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan

Hirohiko Harima

Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil

Mathias Hasse-Sousa, Flávio Kapczinski, Mauricio Kunz & Francisco Diego Rabelo-da-Ponte

Department of Psychiatry, GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, 75014, Paris, France

Chantal Henry

Université de Paris, 75006, Paris, France

Chantal Henry

Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

Lone Høffding

Université Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Translational Neuropsychiatry, Fondation FondaMental, 94010, Créteil, France

Josselin Houenou

Université Paris Saclay, CEA, Neurospin, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

Josselin Houenou

Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

Erkki T. Isometsä

National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland

Erkki T. Isometsä

University Clinical Center of Serbia, Clinic for Psychiatry, Belgrade, Serbia

Maja Ivkovic & Maja Pantovic-Stefanovic

Department of Psychiatry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia

Sven Janno

Unit for Psychiatric Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

Simon Johnsen & Simone Alberte Kongstad A. Madsen

Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

Mathias Kardell & Mikael Landén

Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Center (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

Lars Vedel Kessing

Department of Psychiatry, Cheongju Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea

Seong Jae Kim

BIPOLAR Zentrum Wiener Neustadt, Wiener Neustadt, Austria

Barbara König

Khanty-Mansiysk Clinical Psychoneurological Hospital, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia

Timur L. Kot

Department of Neuroscience, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA

Michael Koval

Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Mikael Landén

Mental Health Department Odense, University Clinic and Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark

Erik R. Larsen

Psychiatry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

Rasmus W. Licht & René Ernst Nielsen

Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

Rasmus W. Licht & René Ernst Nielsen

Mood Disorders Program, Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación, Research Group in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia

Carlos Lopez-Jaramillo

Forensic Psychiatry, University of Glasgow, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK

Alan MacKenzie

Copenhagen University Hospitals, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

Helle Østergaard Madsen & Klaus Martiny

Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India

Jayant Mahadevan, Muthukumaran Moorthy, Ravi K. Nadella & Biju Viswanath

Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mataram University, Mataram, Indonesia

Agustine Mahardika

Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada

Mirko Manchia

Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy

Mirko Manchia & Marco Pinna

Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy

Mirko Manchia

Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA

Wendy Marsh

Osakidetza, Basque Health Service, BioAraba Research Institute, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria, Spain

Monica Martinez-Cengotitabengoa

Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Yuki Mashima & Takahito Uchida

Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, St Patrick’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland

Declan M. McLoughlin

Department of General Psychiatry, Mood Disorders Unit, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore City, Singapore

Mok Yee Ming

Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Traverse City Campus, Traverse City, MI, USA

Scott Monteith

Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology-NTNU, Trondheim, Norway

Gunnar Morken & Arne E. Vaaler

Department of Psychiatry, St Olavs’ University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway

Gunnar Morken & Arne E. Vaaler

Soviet Psychoneurological Hospital, Urai, Russia

Anton A. Mozzhegorov

Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA

Rodrigo Munoz

Asha Bipolar Clinic, Asha Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

Starlin V. Mythri & M. S. Reddy

Razi Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia

Fethi Nacef, Uta Ouali & Yosra Zgueb

Affective Disorders Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan

Takako Nakanotani & Yoshitaka Tatebayashi

Tunisian Bipolar Forum, Érable Médical Cabinet 324, Lac 2, Tunis, Tunisia

Adel Omrani

Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

Pornjira Pariwatcharakul & Woraphat Ratta-apha

Hospital “Ángeles del Pedregal”, Mexico City, Mexico

Yolanda Pica Ruiz

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Elblandklinikum Radebeul, Radebeul, Germany

Maximilian Pilhatsch

Lucio Bini Mood Disorder Center, Cagliari, Italy

Marco Pinna

Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

Maurizio Pompili

Deparment of Psychiatry, Diego Portales University, Santiago de Chile, Chile

Danilo Quiroz

SA MRC Genomic and Precision Medicine Research Unit, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

Raj Ramesar

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA

Natalie Rasgon

Departments of Psychiatry, Epidemiology, and Internal Medicine, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA

Jenny Gringer Richards & Leela Sathyaputri

Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil

Ângela M. Scippa

Bipolar Zentrum Wiener Neustadt, Sigmund Freud Privat Universität, Vienna, Austria

Christian Simhandl

Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK

Daniel Smith

Bipolar Disorder Program, Neuroscience Institute, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina

José Smith & Sergio Strejilevich

Science Directorate/Climate Science Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA

Paul W. Stackhouse Jr.

Department of Psychiatry, MRC Unit On Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

Dan J. Stein

College of Medicine, China Medical University (CMU), Taichung, Taiwan

Kuan-Pin Su

An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan

Kuan-Pin Su

Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore

Mythily Subramaniam & Wen Lin Teh

Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Ahmad Hatim Sulaiman

Department of Social Services and Health Care, Psychiatry, City of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Kirsi Suominen

Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia

Andi J. Tanra

McLean Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

Leonardo Tondo

Mood Disorder Lucio Bini Centers, Cagliari e Roma, Italy

Leonardo Tondo

Clinical Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

Carla Torrent & Eduard Vieta

Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñíz, Mexico City, Mexico

Maria Yoldi-Negrete

Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK

Allan H. Young

Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA

Peter C. Whybrow

MB and TG completed the initial draft, which was reviewed by all authors. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.