The Influence of Preoperative Anxiety, Optimism, and Pain Catastrophizing on Acute Postoperative Pain in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Cross-sectional Study

Ai-Lin Tai, MS, RN Clinical Nurse, Department of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan.

Hsiu-Fen Hsieh, PhD, RN Assistant Professor, College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan.

Pi-Ling Chou, PhD, RN Associate Professor, College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan.

Hsing-Mei Chen, PhD, RN Associate Professor, Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.

Yi Liu, PhD, RN Associate Professor, College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan.

The authors have no funding or conflicts of interest to disclose.

Correspondence Yi Liu, PhD, RN, College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Rd, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan ([email protected]).

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