United Nations Health Commissioner of Refugees (UNCHR). Refugee data finder. 2021. https://www.unhcr.org/refugee-statistics/. Accessed 10 May 2021.

Welch K. Research Brief: A Pivotal Moment for the U.S. Refugee Resettlement Program. 2021. Haas Institute. https://belonging.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/haasinstitute_usrefugeeresettlment_june2017_publish.pdf. Accessed 10 Jan 2021.

Migration Policy Institute. Despite Trump Invitation to Stop Taking Refugees, Red and Blue States Alike Endorse Resettlement. 2020. https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/despite-trump-invitation-stop-taking-refugees-red-and-blue-states-alike-endorse-resettlement. Accessed 10 Jan 2021.

Karas T. US refugee agencies wither as Trump administration cuts numbers to historic lows. The World. 2019. https://www.pri.org/stories/2019-09-27/us-refugee-agencies-wither-trump-administration-cuts-numbers-historic-lows. Accessed 10 Jan 2021.

Grant A. Coronavirus, refugees, and government policy: the state of U.S. Refugee Resettlement during the coronavirus pandemic. World Med Health Policy. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1002/wmh3.362.

Article  Google Scholar 

UNHCR. The 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol. 2011. https://www.unhcr.org/en-us/about-us/background/4ec262df9/1951-convention-relating-status-refugees-its-1967-protocol.html. Accessed 10 Jan 2021.

UNHCR. Resettlement. 2021. https://www.unhcr.org/en-us/resettlement.html. Accessed 15 May 2021.

UNHCR. Global trends: forced displacement report 2018. 2018. https://www.unhcr.org/globaltrends2018/. Accessed 10 Jan 2021.

Conner P, Krogstad J. For the first time, U.S. resettles fewer refugees than the rest of the world. Pew Research Center. 2018. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/07/05/for-the-first-time-u-s-resettles-fewer-refugees-than-the-rest-of-the-world/. Accessed 10 Jan 2021.

International Rescue Committee. Ten things to know about the global refugee crisis and America’s lack of leadership. 2020. https://www.rescue.org/sites/default/files/document/3994/irc10thingstoknowabouttherefugeecrisisupdated2020-04.pdf. Accessed 10 Jan 2021.

Hoffmann R, Dimitrova A, Muttarak R, Cuaresma JC, Peisker J. A meta-analysis of country-level studies on environmental change and migration. Nat Clim Chang. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-0898-6.

Article  Google Scholar 

Bayar M, Aral M. An analysis of large-scale forced migration in Africa. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214210.

Article  Google Scholar 

Office of Refugee Resettlement. The Refugee Act. 2019. https://www.acf.hhs.gov/orr/policy-guidance/refugee-act. Accessed 10 Jan 2021.

United States (US) Citizenship and Immigration Services. Refugee Screening Fact Sheet. 2020. https://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/document/fact-sheets/Refugee_Screening_and_Vetting_Fact_Sheet.pdf. Accessed 10 Jan 2021.

Bruno A. FY2021 Refugee Ceiling and Allocations. Congressional Research Service. https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IN/IN11529. Accessed 8 June 2021.

UNHCR. International Organization for Migration and UNHCR announce temporary suspension of resettlement travel for refugees. 2020. https://www.unhcr.org/en-us/news/press/2020/3/5e7103034/iom-unhcr-announce-temporary-suspension-resettlement-travel-refugees.html. Accessed 10 Jan 2021.

Shesgreen D, Subramanian C. Biden says he will raise refugee cap to 62,500 but warns the US will not be able to meet new number. USA Today. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2021/05/03/joe-biden-lift-trump-era-refugee-cap-after-drawing-backlash/4929572001/. Accessed 10 Jan 2021.

Darrow J. The (Re)Construction of the U.S. Department of State’s reception and placement program by refugee resettlement agencies. J Soc Soc Work Res. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1086/680341.

Article  Google Scholar 

Office of Refugee Resettlement. Refugee Support Services. 2021. https://www.acf.hhs.gov/orr/programs/refugees/refugee-support-services. Accessed 10 Jan 2021.

Healthcare.gov. Coverage for lawfully present immigrants. 2021. https://www.healthcare.gov/immigrants/lawfully-present-immigrants/. Accessed 10 Jan 2021.

Office of Refugee Resettlement. Refugees and the Affordable Care Act Fact Sheet. 2013. https://www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/documents/orr/fact_sheet_refugees_and_the_affordable_care_act_508_8_27_13b_508.pdf. Accessed 10 Jan 2021.

Kaiser Family Foundation. Health coverage of immigrants. 2020. https://www.kff.org/racial-equity-and-health-policy/fact-sheet/health-coverage-of-immigrants/. Accessed 10 Jan 2021.

Palinkas LA, Pickwell SM, Brandstein K, Clark T, Hill L, Moser R, Osman A. The Journey to wellness: Stages of refugee health promotion and disease prevention. J Immigrant Health. 2003. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021048112073.

Article  Google Scholar 

Marshall GN, Schell TL, Elliott MN, Berthold SM, Chun C. Mental health of Cambodian refugees 2 decades after resettlement in the United States. JAMA. 2005. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.294.5.571.

Article  Google Scholar 

Nelson-Peterman JL, Toof R, Liang SL, Grigg-Saito DC. Long-term refugee health: Health behaviors and outcomes of Cambodian refugee and immigrant women. Health Educ Behav. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198115590779.

Article  Google Scholar 

Yun K, Hebrank K, Graber LK, Sullivan M, Chen I, Gupta J. High prevalence of chronic non-communicable conditions among adult refugees: implications for practice and policy. J Community Health. 2012. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-012-9552-1.

Article  Google Scholar 

Henkelmann JR, de Best S, Deckers C, Jensen K, Shahab M, Elzinga B, Molendijk M. Anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder in refugees resettling in high-income countries: systematic review and meta-analysis. BJPsych Open. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2020.54.

Article  Google Scholar 

Song S, Teichholtz S. Fact sheet: mental health facts on refugees, asylum-seekers, & survivors of forced displacement. 2018. American Psychiatric Association Division of Diversity and Health Equity. https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/cultural-competency/education/mental-health-facts. Accessed 10 Jan 2021.

Hameed S, Sadiq A, Din AU. The increased vulnerability of refugee population to mental health disorders. Kansas J Med. 2018. https://doi.org/10.17161/kjm.v11i1.8680.

Article  Google Scholar 

Steel Z, Silove D, Phan T, Bauman A. Long-term effect of psychological trauma on the mental health of Vietnamese refugees resettled in Australia: a population-based study. Lancet. 2002. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11142-1.

Article  Google Scholar 

Miller KK, Brown CR, Shramko M, Svetaz MV. Applying trauma-informed practices to the care of refugee and immigrant youth: 10 clinical pearls. Children (Basel, Switzerland). 2019. https://doi.org/10.3390/children6080094.

Article  Google Scholar 

Li SS, Liddell BJ, Nickerson A. The relationship between post-migration stress and psychological disorders in refugees and asylum seekers. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-016-0723-0.

Article  Google Scholar 

Caps R, Newland K. The integration outcomes of U.S. refugees. Migration Policy Institute. 2015. https://www.migrationpolicy.org/sites/default/files/publications/UsRefugeeOutcomes-FINALWEB.pdf. Accessed 10 Jan 2021.

Williams DR. Stress and the mental health of populations of color: advancing our understanding of race-related stressors. J Health Soc Behav. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022146518814251.

Article  Google Scholar 

Vesely C, Bravo D, Guzzardo M. Immigrant families across the life course: policy impacts on physical and mental health. 2019. https://www.ncfr.org/sites/default/files/2019-07/Immigrant%20Families%20Executive%20Summary_July%202019.pdf. Accessed 10 Jan 2021.

Sarría-Santamera A, Hijas-Gómez AI, Carmona R, Gimeno-Feliú LA. A systematic review of the use of health services by immigrants and native populations. Public Health Rev. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40985-016-0042-3.

Article  Google Scholar 

Siddiq H, Alemi Q, Mentes J, Pavlish C, Lee E. Preventive cancer screening among resettled refugee women from Muslim-majority countries: a systematic review. J Immigrant Minority Health. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-019-00967-6.

Article  Google Scholar 

Shaw SA, Funk M. A Systematic review of social service programs serving refugees. Res Soc Work Pract. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731518824405.

Article  Google Scholar 

Yun K, Paul P, Subedi P, Kuikel L, Nguyen GT, Barg FK. Help-seeking behavior and health care navigation by Bhutanese refugees. J Community Health. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-015-0126-x.

Article  Google Scholar 

Refugee Council USA. Where are the refugees? 2019. https://rcusa.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/RCUSA-Report-1.pdf. Accessed 10 Jan 2021.

Saadi A, De Trinidad Young ME, Patler C, Estrada JL, Venters H. Understanding US immigration detention: Reaffirming rights and addressing social-structural determinants of health. Health Hum Rights. 2020;22:187–98.

Google Scholar 

American Civil Liberties Union. Timeline of the Muslim Ban. 2020. https://www.aclu-wa.org/pages/timeline-muslim-ban. Accessed 10 Jan 2021.

Ku L. New evidence demonstrates that the Public Charge Rule will harm immigrant families and others. Health Affairs Blog. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1377/hblog20191008.70483.

Article  Google Scholar 

Barofsky J, Vargas A, Rodriguez D, Barrows A. Spreading fear: the announcement of the public charge rule reduced enrollment in child safety-net programs. Health Aff (Millwood). 2020. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2020.00763.

Article  Google Scholar 

American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). Living with the Muslim Ban. 2020. https://www.aclu.org/issues/immigrants-rights/living-muslim-ban. Accessed 10 Jan 2021.

American Academy of Family Physicians. Advancing health equity by addressing the social determinants of health in family medicine. 2019. https://www.aafp.org/about/policies/all/social-determinants-health-family-medicine.html. Accessed 10 Jan 2021.

Metzl JM, Hansen H. Structural competency: theorizing a new medical engagement with stigma and inequality. Soc Sci Med. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.06.032.

Article  Google Scholar 

Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (U.S.). Trauma-Informed Care in Behavioral Health Services. Rockville (MD): Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US); 2014. (Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series, No. 57.) Chapter 2, Building a Trauma-Informed Workforce. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK207194/. Accessed 10 Jan 2021.

Ranjbar N, Erb M, Mohammad O, Moreno F. Trauma-informed care and cultural humility in the mental health care of people from minoritized communities. Focus. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.focus.20190027.

Article  Google Scholar 

Refugee Health. Best practices for communication through an interpreter. 2020. https://refugeehealthta.org/access-to-care/language-access/best-practices-communicating-through-an-interpreter/. Accessed 10 Jan 2021.

Salami B, Salma J, Hegadoren K. Access and utilization of mental health services for immigrants and refugees: Perspectives of immigrant service providers. Int J Ment Health Nurs. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.12512.

Article  Google Scholar 

Clarke SK, Kumar GS, Sutton J, Atem J, Banerji A, Brindamour M, Geltman P, Zaaeed N. Potential impact of COVID-19 on recently resettled refugee populations in the United States and Canada: Perspectives of refugee healthcare providers. J Immigr Minor Health. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-020-01104-4.

Article  Google Scholar 

Saadi A, Rodriguez J. Addressing privacy concerns central to success of telehealth use among undocumented immigrants. Health Affairs Blog. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1377/hblog20201118.621497.

Article  Google Scholar 

Berlinger N, Zacharias R. Resources for teaching and learning about immigrant health in health profession education. AMA J Ethics. 2019;21(1):E50-57.

Article  Google Scholar 

Keep Your Benefits. Understand how public benefits affect immigration options. 2020. https://www.keepyourbenefitsca.org/en/questionnaire. Accessed 10 Jan 2021.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Refugee Health Profiles. 2020. https://www.cdc.gov/immigrantrefugeehealth/profiles/index.html. Accessed 10 Jan 2021.

EthnoMed. Refugee Health Profiles. 2020. https://ethnomed.org/. Accessed 10 Jan 2021.

Society of Refugee Healthcare Providers. North American Refugee Health Conference. 2020. http://refugeesociety.org/north-american-refugee-health-conference. Accessed 10 Jan 2021.

Saadi A. Welcoming and protecting immigrants in healthcare settings: A toolkit developed from a multi-state study. 2020. In: Doctors for Immigrants. https://doctorsforimmigrants.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/WelcomingProtectingImmigrants-toolkit-3.pdf. Accessed 5 May 2021.