Preparation of this article was supported by the University of Minnesota's Grand Challenges program through its support of the Minnesota Precision Medicine Collaborative's Pharmacogenomics Project (Jacobson, Aliferis, McCarty, Wolf, principal investigators). JR Bishop has served as a consultant to OptumRx. P Mroz is supported by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) and the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI), grant K12HS026379 and the National Institutes of Health's National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, grant KL2TR002492. Additional support was offered by the University of Minnesota Office of Academic Clinical Affairs and the Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota School of Public Health. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of AHRQ, PCORI or Minnesota Learning Health System Mentored Career Development Program. In the past 36 months, JD Allen has served as a consultant for the following companies: 23andMe, Clarigent Health, Inagene, Tempus Labs, Translational Software. JF Farley has received financial support for consulting provided to Takeda and receives grant support through the University of Minnesota for research funded by Astra Zeneca. J England is an employee of OneOme LLC. Mayo Clinic Laboratory provides pharmacogenetic testing. Mayo Clinic has stock ownership in and has licensed intellectual property to OneOme LLC. Mayo Clinic also receives royalties from Assurex Health. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.

No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.