The manuscript is a publication of secondary analyses from a multi-site study supported

by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH); Case Western Reserve University: R01 MH073967-06A1, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center: R01 MH073816-06A1, The Ohio State University: R01 MH073801-06A1, and University of Pittsburgh: R01 MH073953-06A1. Preparation of this article was also supported by Grants UH2DE025980 and UL1TR002733 from the National Institutes of Health (NIH).

The research was performed with permission from Ohio State’s Biomedical Sciences Institutional Review Board #00000294.

Drs. Beauchaine and Youngstrom served as the statistical experts for this research.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization: Bell, Fristad, Youngstrom, Arnold, Beauchaine

Formal analysis: Bell

Funding acquisition: Fristad, Youngstrom, Arnold

Methodology: Bell, Youngstrom, Beauchaine

Project administration: Fristad, Youngstrom

Writing – original draft: Bell, Beauchaine

Writing – review and editing: Bell, Fristad, Youngstrom, Arnold

The Longitudinal Assessment of Manic Symptoms (LAMS) Consortium Members: Robert L. Findling, MD, MBA, of Virginia Commonwealth University, Boris Birmaher, MD, of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, and Sarah M. Horwitz, PhD, of New York University Langone Medical Center.

Disclosure: Dr. Fristad has reported research support from Janssen, royalties from American Psychiatric Publishing, Child and Family Psychological Services, Guilford Press, and JandK Seminars, and travel support from the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology. Dr. Youngstrom has consulted about psychological assessment with Pearson, Janssen, Lundbeck, and Western Psychological Services. He has received royalties from the American Psychological Association and Guilford Press and has received funding from NIH. He is the co-founder and CEO of Helping Give Away Psychological Science (HGAPS.org), a 501c3. Dr. Arnold has received research funding from Curemark, Forest, Eli Lilly and Co., Neuropharm, Novartis, Noven, Otsuka, Roche/Genentech, Shire (a Takeda company), Supernus, YoungLiving, NIH, and Autism Speaks, has consulted with Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (CHADD), Neuropharm, Organon, Pfizer, Sigma Tau, Shire, Tris Pharma, and Waypoint, and has been on advisory boards for Arbor, Ironshore, Novartis, Noven, Otsuka, Pfizer, Roche, Seaside Therapeutics, Sigma Tau, and Shire. Dr. Beauchaine has received speaking honoraria and book royalties from Wiley and Oxford University Press for related work. Dr. Bell has reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest.