Oja P, Titze S, Bauman A, de Geus B, Krenn P, Reger-Nash B, et al. Health benefits of cycling: a systematic review. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2011;21:496–509.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

De Bernardo N, Barrios C, Vera P, Laíz C, Hadala M. Incidence and risk for traumatic and overuse injuries in top-level road cyclists. J Sports Sci. 2012;30:1047–53.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Decock M, Wilde LD, Bossche LV, Steyaert A, Tongel AV. Incidence and aetiology of acute injuries during competitive road cycling. Br J Sports Med. 2016;50:669–72.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Priego Quesada JI, Kerr ZY, Bertucci WM, Carpes FP. A retrospective international study on factors associated with injury, discomfort and pain perception among cyclists. PLoS ONE. 2019;14: e0211197.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Silberman MR, Webner D, Collina S, Shiple BJ. Road bicycle fit. Clin J Sport Med. 2005;15:271–6.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Visentini PJ, McDowell AH, Pizzari T. Factors associated with overuse injury in cyclists: a systematic review. J Sci Med Sport. 2022;25:391–8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Priego Quesada JI, Pérez-Soriano P, Lucas-Cuevas AG, Palmer RS, de Anda RMCO. Effect of bike-fit in the perception of comfort, fatigue and pain. J Sports Sci. 2017;35:1459–65.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Braeckevelt J, De Bock J, Schuermans J, Verstockt S, Witvrouw E, Dierckx J. The need for data-driven bike fitting: data study of subjective expert fitting. In: 7th International Conference on Sport Sciences Research and Technology Support (icSPORTS) [Internet]. Scitepress; 2019 [cited 2024 Jan 20]. p. 181–9. Available from: https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8629098

Bini MR, Hume PA, Croft JL. Effects of bicycle saddle height on knee injury risk and cycling performance. Sports Med. 2011;41:463–76.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bini R, Priego-Quesada J. Methods to determine saddle height in cycling and implications of changes in saddle height in performance and injury risk: a systematic review. J Sports Sci. 2022;40:386–400.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gatti AA, Keir PJ, Noseworthy MD, Beauchamp MK, Maly MR. Equations to prescribe bicycle saddle height based on desired joint kinematics and bicycle geometry. Eur J Sport Sci. 2022;22(3):344–353.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Millour G, Velásquez AT, Domingue F. A literature overview of modern biomechanical-based technologies for bike-fitting professionals and coaches. Int J Sports Sci Coach. 2023;18:292–303.

Article  Google Scholar 

Swart J, Holliday W. Cycling biomechanics optimization—the (R) evolution of bicycle fitting. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2019;18:490.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wu G, Siegler S, Allard P, Kirtley C, Leardini A, Rosenbaum D, et al. ISB recommendation on definitions of joint coordinate system of various joints for the reporting of human joint motion—part I: ankle, hip, and spine. J Biomech. 2002;35:543–8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hébert-Losier K, Dai B, Nunome H, Kong PW, Hobara H, Hsu W-C, et al. Reporting guidelines for running biomechanics and footwear studies using three-dimensional motion capture. Sports Biomechanics. 2023;22:473–84.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Leardini A, Stebbins J, Hillstrom H, Caravaggi P, Deschamps K, Arndt A. ISB recommendations for skin-marker-based multi-segment foot kinematics. J Biomech. 2021;125: 110581.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hoffman JT, McNally MP, Wordeman SC, Hewett TE. Validation of a method to accurately correct anterior superior iliac spine marker occlusion. J Biomech. 2015;48:1224–8.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bini RR, Encarnación-Martínez A, Priego-Quesada JI, Carpes FP. Details our eyes cannot see: challenges for the analysis of body position during bicycle fitting. Sports Biomech. 2023;22:485–93.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Aasvold LO, Ettema G, Skovereng K. Joint specific power production in cycling: the effect of cadence and intensity. PLoS ONE. 2019;14: e0212781.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Holliday W, Theo R, Fisher J, Swart J. Cycling: joint kinematics and muscle activity during differing intensities. Sports Biomech. 2019;0:1–15.

Rossato M, Bini RR, Carpes FP, Diefenthaeler F, Moro ARP. Cadence and workload effects on pedaling technique of well-trained cyclists. Int J Sports Med. 2008;29:746–52.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dingwell JB, Joubert JE, Diefenthaeler F, Trinity JD. Changes in muscle activity and kinematics of highly trained cyclists during fatigue. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2008;55:2666–74.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Galindo-Martínez A, López-Valenciano A, Albaladejo-García C, Vallés-González JM, Elvira JLL. Changes in the trunk and lower extremity kinematics due to fatigue can predispose to chronic injuries in cycling. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18:3719.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Steurer J. The Delphi method: an efficient procedure to generate knowledge. Skeletal Radiol. 2011;40:959–61.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zartha Sossa JW, Halal W, Hernandez ZR. Delphi method: analysis of rounds, stakeholder and statistical indicators. Foresight. 2019;21:525–44.

Article  Google Scholar 

Moreira DG, Costello JT, Brito CJ, Adamczyk JG, Ammer K, Bach AJE, et al. Thermographic imaging in sports and exercise medicine: a Delphi study and consensus statement on the measurement of human skin temperature. J Therm Biol. 2017;69:155–62.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fonda B, Sarabon N, Li F-X. Validity and reliability of different kinematics methods used for bike fitting. J Sports Sci. 2014;32:940–6.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Umberger BR, Martin PE. Testing the planar assumption during ergometer cycling. J Appl Biomech. 2001;17:55–62.

Article  Google Scholar 

Fonda B, Panjan A, Markovic G, Sarabon N. Adjusted saddle position counteracts the modified muscle activation patterns during uphill cycling. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2011;21:854–60.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jongerius N, Wainwright B, Walker J, Bissas A. The biomechanics of maintaining effective force application across cycling positions. J Biomech. 2022;138: 111103.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Potter JJ, Sauer JL, Weisshaar CL, Thelen DG, Ploeg H-L. Gender differences in bicycle saddle pressure distribution during seated cycling. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008;40:1126–34.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wu G, van der Helm FCT, Veeger HEJ, Makhsous M, Van Roy P, Anglin C, et al. ISB recommendation on definitions of joint coordinate systems of various joints for the reporting of human joint motion—Part II: shoulder, elbow, wrist and hand. J Biomech. 2005;38:981–92.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bini RR, Senger D, Lanferdini F, Lopes AL. Joint kinematics assessment during cycling incremental test to exhaustion. Isokinet Exerc Sci. 2012;20:99–105.

Article  Google Scholar 

Diefenthaeler F, Carpes FP, Bini RR, Mota CB, Guimarães ACS. Methodological proposal to evaluate sagittal trunk and spine angle in cyclists: preliminary study. Braz J Biomot. 2008;2:284–93.

Google Scholar 

Priego Quesada J, Quesada JIP, Jacques TC, Bini RR, Carpes FP. Importance of static adjustment of knee angle to determine saddle height in cycling. J Sci Cycl. 2016;5:26–31.

Google Scholar 

Gardner JK, Zhang S, Liu H, Klipple G, Stewart C, Milner CE, et al. Effects of toe-in angles on knee biomechanics in cycling of patients with medial knee osteoarthritis. Clin Biomech. 2015;30:276–82.

Article  Google Scholar 

Millour G, Duc S, Puel F, Bertucci W. Effect of asymmetric crank arm lengths on performance-related variables in cyclists with an anatomical lower limb length discrepancy. Sports Eng. 2020;23:14.

Article