Aagaard L, Strandell J, Melskens L, Petersen PS, Holme Hansen E (2012) Global patterns of adverse drug reactions over a decade: analyses of spontaneous reports to VigiBase™. Drug Saf 35(12):1171–1182

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Alomar M, Tawfiq AM, Hassan N, Palaian S (2020) Post marketing surveillance of suspected adverse drug reactions through spontaneous reporting: current status, challenges and the future. Ther Adv Drug Saf 11:2042098620938595

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Alsbou M, Abdeen G, Batarseh A, Bawaresh N, Jaber J, Qawasmi G et al (2017) Analysis of the national pharmacovigilance database in Jordan (2010–2014). Biomed Pharmacol J 10(1):319–28

Article  Google Scholar 

Ampadu HH, Hoekman J, de Bruin ML, Pal SN, Olsson S, Sartori D et al (2016) Adverse drug reaction reporting in Africa and a comparison of individual case safety report characteristics between Africa and the rest of the world: analyses of spontaneous reports in VigiBase®. Drug Saf 39(4):335–345

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Amponsah OKO, Ayisi-Boateng NK, Nagaraja SB, Nair D, Muradyan K, Hedidor GK et al (2022) Adherence to prescribing indicators at a district hospital in Ghana: do we match WHO standards? Int J Environ Res Public Health 19(19):12260

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Anebo ZG, Abacioglu N (2022) Patterns of adverse drug reaction reporting in Ethiopia: a database analysis of spontaneous reports from 2013 to 2018. Asian Pac J Trop Med 15(2):56–62

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Atinga RA, Yarney L, Gavu NM (2018) Factors influencing long-term medication non-adherence among diabetes and hypertensive patients in Ghana: a qualitative investigation. PLoS ONE 13(3):e0193995

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Awine T, Malm K, Bart-Plange C, Silal SP (2017) Towards malaria control and elimination in Ghana: challenges and decision making tools to guide planning. Glob Health Action 10(1):1381471

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Awodele O, Aliu R, Ali I, Oni Y, Adeyeye CM (2018) Patterns of adverse drug reaction signals in NAFDAC pharmacovigilance activities from January to June 2015: safety of drug use in Nigeria. Pharmacol Res Perspect 6(5):e00427

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Baral R, Nonvignon J, Debellut F, Agyemang SA, Clark A, Pecenka C (2020) Cost of illness for childhood diarrhea in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review of evidence and modelled estimates. BMC Public Health 20(1):619

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bin Yousef N, Yenugadhati N, Alqahtani N, Alshahrani A, Alshahrani M, Al Jeraisy M, Badri M (2022) Patterns of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Pharm J 30(1):8–13

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Biswas P (2013) Pharmacovigilance in Asia. J Pharmacol Pharmacother 4(Suppl 1):S7–S19

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Brown EG, Wood L, Wood S (1999) The medical dictionary for regulatory activities (MedDRA). Drug Saf 20(2):109–117

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cairns M, Cisse B, Sokhna C, Cames C, Simondon K, Ba EH et al (2010) Amodiaquine dosage and tolerability for intermittent preventive treatment to prevent malaria in children. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 54(3):1265–1274

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cliff-Eribo KO, Choonara I, Dodoo A, Darko DM, Sammons H (2015) Adverse drug reactions in Ghanaian children: review of reports from 2000 to 2012 in VigiBase. Expert Opin Drug Saf 14(12):1827–1833

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

D’Arcy N, Ashiru-Oredope D, Olaoye O, Afriyie D, Akello Z, Ankrah D et al (2021) Antibiotic prescribing patterns in Ghana, Uganda, Zambia and Tanzania hospitals: results from the Global Point Prevalence Survey (G-PPS) on antimicrobial use and stewardship interventions implemented. Antibiotics (basel) 10(9):1122

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Elzagallaai AA, Greff M, Rieder MJ (2017) Adverse drug reactions in children: the double-edged sword of therapeutics. Clin Pharmacol Ther 101(6):725–735

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Food and Drug Authority, Ghana (2020) Drug lense newsletter issue 8. Available from: http://www.fdaghana.gov.gh/img/reports/DrugLens%20FINAL%202020%2D%2D.pdf. Accessed 28 Nov 2023

Formica D, Sultana J, Cutroneo PM, Lucchesi S, Angelica R, Crisafulli S et al (2018) The economic burden of preventable adverse drug reactions: a systematic review of observational studies. Expert Opin Drug Saf 17(7):681–695

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Isah AO, Pal SN, Olsson S, Dodoo A, Bencheikh RS (2012) Specific features of medicines safety and pharmacovigilance in Africa. Ther Adv Drug Saf 3(1):25–34

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kharb P, Niti M, Mahesh G (2015) An evaluation of adverse drug reactions monitoring at a pharmacovigilance unit under Pharmacovigilance Program of India in a tertiary care hospital of Haryana. Int J Basic Clin Pharmacol 4(3):556–60

Article  Google Scholar 

Konkor I, Kuuire V (2023) Epidemiologic transition and the double burden of disease in Ghana: what do we know at the neighborhood level? PLoS ONE 18(2):e0281639

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lazarou J, Pomeranz BH, Corey PN (1998) Incidence of adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. JAMA 279(15):1200–1205

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Masuka JT, Khoza S (2020) An analysis of the trends, characteristics, scope, and performance of the Zimbabwean pharmacovigilance reporting scheme. Pharmacol Res Perspect 8(5):e00657

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Matlala MF, Lubbe MS, Steyn H (2023) Profile of adverse drug reaction reports in South Africa: an analysis of VigiBase® for the year 2017. S Afr Med J 113(6):26–33

Google Scholar 

Meyboom RH, Egberts AC, Gribnau FW, Hekster YA (1999) Pharmacovigilance in perspective. Drug Saf 21(6):429–447

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ministry of Health of the People’s Republic of China (2010) Provisions for adverse drug reaction monitoring and reporting. Available from: http://www.sda.gov.cn/WS01/CL0053/62621.Html. Accessed 28 Nov 2023

National Cancer Institute (2021) Joinpoint regression program, Version 4.9.0.0. Available from: https://surveillance.cancer.gov/joinpoint/. Accessed 28 Nov 2023

Ozcan G, Aykac E, Kasap Y, Nemutlu NT, Sen E, Aydinkarahaliloglu ND (2016) Adverse drug reaction reporting pattern in Turkey: analysis of the national database in the context of the first pharmacovigilance legislation. Drugs Real World Outcomes 3(1):33–43

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Patel H, Bell D, Molokhia M, Srishanmuganathan J, Patel M, Car J et al (2007) Trends in hospital admissions for adverse drug reactions in England: analysis of national hospital episode statistics 1998–2005. BMC Clin Pharmacol 7:9

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Peters PJ, Thigpen MC, Parise ME, Newman RD (2007) Safety and toxicity of sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine: implications for malaria prevention in pregnancy using intermittent preventive treatment. Drug Saf 30(6):481–501

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pirmohamed M, James S, Meakin S, Green C, Scott AK, Walley TJ et al (2004) Adverse drug reactions as cause of admission to hospital: prospective analysis of 18 820 patients. BMJ 329(7456):15–19

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Powell JF, Henneh IT, Ekor M (2023) Knowledge, attitude and practice of physicians and nurses at the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital in the Central Region of Ghana on spontaneous adverse drug reaction reporting. PLoS ONE 18(7):e0288100

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central