Lauber DT, et al. State of the art in vivo imaging techniques for laboratory animals. Lab Anim. 2017;51:465–78.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kiessling F, Pichler BJ. Small animal imaging: Basics and practical guide. Small Anim Imaging Basics Pract Guide. 2011. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12945-2.

Article  Google Scholar 

Summary Report on the statistics on the use of animals for scientific purposes in the Member States of the European Union and Norway in 2018. 2018. https://ec.europa.eu/environment/chemicals/lab_animals/reports_en.htm.

James ML, Gambhir SS. A molecular imaging primer: modalities, imaging agents, and applications. Physiol Rev. 2012;92:897–965.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cunha L, et al. Preclinical imaging: an essential ally in modern biosciences. Mol Diagnosis Ther. 2014;18:153–73.

Article  Google Scholar 

Vanhove C, et al. Accurate molecular imaging of small animals taking into account animal models, handling, anaesthesia, quality control and imaging system performance. EJNMMI Phys. 2015;2:31.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Russell WM, Burch R. Principle of Human Experimental Techniques. 1959.

Google Scholar 

Tannenbaum J, Bennett BT. Russell and Burch’s 3Rs then and now: The need for clarity in definition and purpose. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci. 2015;54:120–32.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Van Der Heyden B, Van Hoof SJ, Schyns LE, Verhaegen F. The influence of respiratory motion on dose delivery in a mouse lung tumour irradiation using the 4D MOBY phantom. Br J Radiol. 2017;90. https://doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20160419.

Caruana CJ, et al. EFOMP policy statement 16: the role and competences of medical physicists and medical physics experts under 2013/59/EURATOM. Phys Medica. 2018;48:162–8.

Article  Google Scholar 

McDougald W, et al. Standardization of preclinical PET/CT imaging to improve quantitative accuracy, precision, and reproducibility: a multicenter study. J Nucl Med. 2020;61:461–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dillenseger JP, Choquet P, Snay E, Fragoso Costa P. Why the preclinical imaging field needs nuclear medicine technologists and radiographers? Eur J Hybrid Imaging. 2020;4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41824-020-00081-z.

Fragoso Costa P, Santos A, Testanera G. An insight into the EANM technologist committee benchmark document on nuclear medicine technologists’ competencies. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2017;44:1604–6.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tavares AAS, Mezzanotte L, Mcdougald W, Bernsen MR, Vanhove C. Community survey results show that standardisation of preclinical imaging techniques remains a challenge. Mol Imaging Biol. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11307-022-01790-6.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

McDougald WA, Mannheim JG. Understanding the importance of quality control and quality assurance in preclinical PET/CT imaging. EJNMMI Phys. 2022;9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40658-022-00503-w.

Mannheim JG, et al. Standardization of small animal imaging—current status and future prospects. Mol Imaging Biol. 2018;20:716–31.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Association NEMA. NEMA Standard Publication NU 4–2008: performance measurements of small animal positron emission tomographs. Rosslyn: National Electrical Manufacturers Association; 2008.

Goertzen AL, et al. NEMA NU 4–2008 comparison of preclinical PET imaging systems. J Nucl Med. 2012;53:1300–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bao Q, Newport D, Chen M, Stout DB, Chatziioannou AF. Perfrmance evalution of the inveon dedicated PET preclinical tomograph based on the NEMA NU-4 standards. J Nucl Med. 2009;50:401–8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Krishnamoorthy S, Blankemeyer E, Mollet P, Surti S, Van Holen R, Karp JS. Performance evaluation of the MOLECUBES β-CUBE - A high spatial resolution and high sensitivity small animal PET scanner utilizing monolithic LYSO scintillation detectors. Phys Med Biol. 2018;63. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/aacec3.

Disselhorst JA, et al. Image-quality assessment for several positron emitters using the NEMA NU 4–2008 standards in the siemens inveon small-animal PET scanner. J Nucl Med. 2010;51:610–7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Halle P, Schug D, Schulz V. Comments on the NEMA NU 4–2008 standard on performance measurement of small animal positron emission tomographs. EJNMMI Phys. 2020;7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40658-020-0279-2.

Osborne DR, Kuntner C, Berr S, Stout D. Guidance for efficient small animal imaging quality control. Mol Imaging Biol. 2017;19:485–98.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Prieto E, et al. Performance evaluation of a preclinical SPECT/CT system for multi-animal and multi-isotope quantitative experiments. Sci Rep. 2022;12:1–13.

Article  Google Scholar 

Grigg OA, Farewell VT, Spiegelhalter DJ. Use of risk-adjusted CUSUM and RSPRT charts for monitoring in medical contexts. Stat Methods Med Res. 2003;12:147–70.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Park MA, et al. Adsorption of metallic radionuclides on plastic phantom walls. Med Phys. 2008;35:1606–10.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

BusemannSokole E, et al. Routine quality control recommendations for nuclear medicine instrumentation. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2010;37:662–71.

Article  Google Scholar 

Rousset OG, Ma Y, Evans AC. Correction for partial volume effects in pet: principle and validation. J Nucl Med. 1998;39:904–11.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Prieto E, et al. Evaluation of spatial resolution of a PET scanner through the simulation and experimental measurement of the recovery coefficient. Comput Biol Med. 2010;40:75–80.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Greenwood HE, Nyitrai Z, Mocsai G, Hobor S, Witney TH. High-throughput PET/CT imaging using a multiple-mouse imaging system. J Nucl Med. 2020;61:292–7.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar