Azam MA, Chakraborty P, Si D, Du B, Massé S, Lai PF, Ha AC, Nanthakumar K (2021) Anti-arrhythmic and inotropic effects of empagliflozin following myocardial ischemia. Life Sci 276:119440

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Curtain JP, Docherty KF, Jhund PS, Petrie MC, Inzucchi SE, Køber L, Kosiborod MN, Martinez FA, Ponikowski P, Sabatine MS (2021) Effect of dapagliflozin on ventricular arrhythmias, resuscitated cardiac arrest, or sudden death in DAPA-HF. Eur Heart J 42:3727–3738

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fernandes GC, Fernandes A, Cardoso R, Penalver J, Knijnik L, Mitrani RD, Myerburg RJ, Goldberger JJ (2021) Association of SGLT2 inhibitors with arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death in patients with type 2 diabetes or heart failure: a meta-analysis of 34 randomized controlled trials. Heart Rhythm 18:1098–1105

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fujiki S, Iijima K, Okabe M, Niwano S, Tsujita K, Naito S, Ando K, Kusano K, Kato R, Nitta J (2020) Placebo-controlled, double-blind study of empagliflozin (EMPA) and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (EMPA-ICD) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM): rationale and design. Diabetes Ther 11:2739–2755

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ghzally Y, Mahajan K (2023) Implantable Defibrillator. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL). https://europepmc.org/article/nbk/nbk459196. Accessed 31 Oct 2017

Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, Allen LA, Byun JJ, Colvin MM, Deswal A, Drazner MH, Dunlay SM, Evers LR (2022) 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 79:e263–e421

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jing Y, Yang R, Chen W, Ye Q (2022) Anti-arrhythmic effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors. Front Pharmacol 13:898718

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Khanna VK, Khanna VK (2016) Implantable cardioverter defibrillators. Implantable Medical Electronics: Prosthetics, Drug Delivery, and Health Monitoring 293–307

Kheiri B, Barbarawi M, Zayed Y, Hicks M, Osman M, Rashdan L, Kyi HH, Bachuwa G, Hassan M, Stecker EC (2019) Antiarrhythmic drugs or catheter ablation in the management of ventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Circ: Arrhythm Electrophysiol 12:e007600

Kolesnik E, Scherr D, Rohrer U, Benedikt M, Manninger M, Sourij H, von Lewinski D (2022) SGLT2 inhibitors and their antiarrhythmic properties. Int J Mol Sci 23:1678

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Malik AH, Aronow WS (2019) Prevention of recurrent ventricular tachycardia in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators—a network meta-analysis. Am J Ther 26:e469–e480

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, Gardner RS, Baumbach A, Böhm M, Burri H, Butler J, Čelutkienė J, Chioncel O (2021) 2021 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: developed by the task force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J 42:3599–3726

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

McMurray JJ, Solomon SD, Inzucchi SE, Køber L, Kosiborod MN, Martinez FA, Ponikowski P, Sabatine MS, Anand IS, Bělohlávek J (2019) Dapagliflozin in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. N Engl J Med 381:1995–2008

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Noyes K, Corona E, Veazie P, Dick AW, Zhao H, Moss AJ (2009) Examination of the effect of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators on health-related quality of life: based on results from the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Trial-II. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 9:393–400

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Paasche A, Wiedmann F, Kraft M, Seibertz F, Herlt V, Blochberger PL, Jávorszky N, Beck M, Weirauch L, Seeger T (2024) Acute antiarrhythmic effects of SGLT2 inhibitors–dapagliflozin lowers the excitability of atrial cardiomyocytes. Basic Res Cardiol 119:93–112

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Packer M, Anker SD, Butler J, Filippatos G, Pocock SJ, Carson P, Januzzi J, Verma S, Tsutsui H, Brueckmann M (2020) Cardiovascular and renal outcomes with empagliflozin in heart failure. N Engl J Med 383:1413–1424

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Schulz SM, Massa C, Grzbiela A, Dengler W, Wiedemann G, Pauli P (2013) Implantable cardioverter defibrillator shocks are prospective predictors of anxiety. Heart Lung 42:105–111

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Silva dos Santos D, Turaça LT, Coutinho KCdS, Barbosa RAQ, Polidoro JZ, Kasai-Brunswick TH, Campos de Carvalho AC, Girardi ACC (2023) Empagliflozin reduces arrhythmogenic effects in rat neonatal and human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and improves cytosolic calcium handling at least partially independent of NHE1. Sci Rep 13:8689

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Stiles M (2019) Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: Optimal programming. Up to Date

Vallon V (2015) The mechanisms and therapeutic potential of SGLT2 inhibitors in diabetes mellitus. Annu Rev Med 66:255–270

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

von Lewinski D, Tripolt NJ, Sourij H, Pferschy PN, Oulhaj A, Alber H, Gwechenberger M, Martinek M, Seidl S, Moertl D (2022) Ertugliflozin to reduce arrhythmic burden in ICD/CRT patients (ERASe-trial)–a phase III study. Am Heart J 246:152–160

Article  Google Scholar 

Wu J, Liu Y, Wei X, Zhang X, Ye Y, Li W, Su X (2022) Antiarrhythmic effects and mechanisms of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors: a mini review. Front Cardiovasc Med 9:915455

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zareba W, Daubert JP, Beck CA, Huang DT, Alexis JD, Brown MW, Pyykkonen K, McNitt S, Oakes D, Feng C (2018) Ranolazine in high-risk patients with implanted cardioverter-defibrillators: the RAID trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 72:636–645

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar