Zhang YZ, Li YY (2014) Inflammatory bowel disease: pathogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 20(1):91–99

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

GBD 2017 Inflammatory Bowel Disease Collaborators (2020) The global, regional, and national burden of inflammatory bowel disease in 195 countries andterritories 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 5:17–30

Ridker PM, Everett BM, Thuren T, MacFadyen JG, Chang WH, Ballantyne C, Fonseca F, Nicolau J, Koenig W, Anker SD et al (2017) Antiinflammatory therapy with canakinumab for atherosclerotic disease. N Engl J Med 377(12):1119–1131

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tardif JC, Kouz S, Waters DD, Bertrand OF, Diaz R, Maggioni AP, Pinto FJ, Ibrahim R, Gamra H, Kiwan GS et al (2019) Efficacy and safety of low-dose colchicine after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 381(26):2497–2505

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Feng W, Chen G, Cai D, Zhao S, Cheng J, Shen H (2017) Inflammatory bowel disease and risk of ischemic heart disease: an updated meta-analysis of cohort studies. J Am Heart Assoc 6(8):e005892

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sun HH, Tian F (2018) Inflammatory bowel disease and cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality: a meta-analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol 25(15):1623–1631

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

McConnell RA, Mahadevan U (2016) Pregnancy and the patient with inflammatory bowel disease: fertility, treatment, delivery, and complications. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 45(2):285–301

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Boyd HA, Basit S, Harpsøe MC, Wohlfahrt J, Jess T (2015) Inflammatory bowel disease and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. PLoS ONE 10(6):e0129567

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kammerlander H, Nielsen J, Kjeldsen J, Knudsen T, Friedman S, Nørgård B (2017) The effect of disease activity on birth outcomes in a nationwide cohort of women with moderate to severe inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 23(6):1011–1018

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Naganuma M, Kunisaki R, Yoshimura N, Nagahori M, Yamamoto H, Kimura H, Sako M, Kawaguchi T, Takazoe M, Yamamoto S et al (2011) Conception and pregnancy outcome in women with inflammatory bowel disease: a multicentre study from Japan. J Crohns Colitis 5(4):317–323

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Riis L, Vind I, Politi P, Wolters F, Vermeire S, Tsianos E, Freitas J, Mouzas I, Ruiz Ochoa V, O’Morain C et al (2006) Does pregnancy change the disease course? A study in a European cohort of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol 101(7):1539–1545

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shand AW, Chen JS, Selby W, Solomon M, Roberts CL (2016) Inflammatory bowel disease in pregnancy: a population-based study of prevalence and pregnancy outcomes. BJOG 123(11):1862–1870

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Creanga AA, Syverson C, Seed K, Callaghan WM (2017) Pregnancy-related mortality in the United States, 2011–2013. Obstet Gynecol 130(2):366–373

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kuklina E, Callaghan W (2011) Chronic heart disease and severe obstetric morbidity among hospitalisations for pregnancy in the USA: 1995–2006. BJOG 118(3):345–352

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gøtzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP, Initiative STROBE (2007) The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Lancet 370(9596):1453–1457

Article  Google Scholar 

Sarkar M, Grab J, Dodge JL, Gunderson EP, Rubin J, Irani RA, Cedars M, Terrault N (2020) Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. J Hepatol 73(3):516–522

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Haram K, Svendsen E, Abildgaard U (2009) The HELLP syndrome: clinical issues and management. A Review BMC Pregnancy Childb 9(1):1–5

Google Scholar 

Ricke-Hoch M, Pfeffer TJ, Hilfiker-Kleiner D (2020) Peripartum cardiomyopathy: basic mechanisms and hope for new therapies. Cardiovasc Res 116(3):520–531

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bello NA, Arany Z (2015) Molecular mechanisms of peripartum cardiomyopathy: a vascular/hormonal hypothesis. Trends Cardiovas Med 25(6):499–504

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Hoes MF, Arany Z, Bauersachs J, Hilfiker-Kleiner D, Petrie MC, Sliwa K, van der Meer P (2022) Pathophysiology and risk factors of peripartum cardiomyopathy. Nat Rev Cardiol 19(8):555–565

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Guerrero Vinsard D, Karagozian R, Wakefield DB, Kane SV (2022) Maternal outcomes and pregnancy-related complications among hospitalized women with inflammatory bowel disease: report from the National Inpatient Sample. Digest Dis Sci 67(9):4295–4302

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fumery M, Xiaocang C, Dauchet L, Gower-Rousseau C, Peyrin-Biroulet L, Colombel JF (2014) Thromboembolic events and cardiovascular mortality in inflammatory bowel diseases: a metaanalysis of observational studies. J Crohns Colitis 8(6):469–479

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yuhara H, Steinmaus C, Corley D, Koike J, Igarashi M, Suzuki T, Mine T (2013) Metaanalysis: the risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 37(10):953–962

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Brenner B, Arya R, Beyer-Westendorf J, Douketis J, Hull R, Elalamy I, Imberti D, Zhai Z (2019) Evaluation of unmet clinical needs in prophylaxis and treatment of venous thromboembolism in at-risk patient groups: pregnancy, elderly and obese patients. Thromb J 17(1):1–5

Google Scholar 

Bates SM, Greer IA, Middeldorp S, Veenstra DL, Prabulos AM, Vandvik PO (2012) VTE, thrombophilia, antithrombotic therapy, and pregnancy: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest 141(2):e691S-736S

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mitsialis V, Wall S, Liu P, Ordovas-Montanes J, Parmet T, Vukovic M, Spencer D, Field M, McCourt C, Toothaker J et al (2020) Single-cell analyses of colon and blood reveal distinct immune cell signatures of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Gastroenterology 159(2):591.e10-608.e10

Article  Google Scholar 

Jostins L, Ripke S, Weersma RK, Duerr RH, McGovern DP, Hui KY, Lee JC, Schumm LP, Sharma Y, Anderson CA et al (2012) Host-microbe interactions have shaped the genetic architecture of inflammatory bowel disease. Nature 491(7422):119–124

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bujold E, Roberge S, Lacasse Y, Bureau M, Audibert F, Marcoux S, Forest JC, Giguère Y (2010) Prevention of preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction with aspirin started in early pregnancy: a meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol 116(2 Pt 1):402–414

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wu H, Hu T, Hao H, Hill MA, Xu C, Liu Z (2022) Inflammatory bowel disease and cardiovascular diseases: a concise review. Eur Heart J Open 2(1):oeab029

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bauersachs J, König T, van der Meer P, Petrie MC, Hilfiker-Kleiner D, Mbakwem A, Hamdan R, Jackson AM, Forsyth P, de Boer RA, Mueller C, Lyon AR, Lund LH, Piepoli MF, Heymans S, Chioncel O, Anker SD, Ponikowski P, Seferovic PM, Johnson MR, Mebazaa A, Sliwa K (2019) Pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of peripartum cardiomyopathy: a position statement from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology Study Group on peripartum cardiomyopathy. Eur J Heart Fail 21(7):827–843

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar