Perez-Johnston R, Deipolyi AR, Covey AM. Percutaneous biliary interventions. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2018;47(3):621–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gtc.2018.04.008.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Inamdar S, Slattery E, Bhalla R, Sejpal DV, Trindade AJ. Comparison of adverse events for endoscopic vs percutaneous biliary drainage in the treatment of malignant biliary tract obstruction in an inpatient national cohort. JAMA Oncol. 2016;2(1):112–7. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2015.3670.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Al-Kawas F, Aslanian H, Baillie J, et al. Percutaneous transhepatic vs. endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage for suspected malignant hilar obstruction: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2018;19(1):108. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-018-2473-2.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Riaz A, Entezari P, Ganger D, et al. Percutaneous access of the modified Hutson loop for retrograde cholangiography, endoscopy, and biliary interventions. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2020;31(12):2113-2120.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvir.2020.06.011.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kim D, Bolus C, Iqbal SI, Davison BD, Ahari HK, Flacke S, Molgaard CP. Percutaneous transjejunal biliary access in 60 patients with bilioenteric anastomoses. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2019;30(1):76-81.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvir.2018.06.020.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fontein DB, Gibson RN, Collier NA, et al. Two decades of percutaneous transjejunal biliary intervention for benign biliary disease: a review of the intervention nature and adverse events. Insights Imaging. 2011;2(5):557–65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13244-011-0119-y.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lopera JE, Ramsey GR. Transjejunal biliary interventions: going back to a road less traveled. Acta Radiol. 2014;55(10):1210–8. https://doi.org/10.1177/0284185113515476.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kuhn JP, Busemann A, Lerch MM, Heidecke CD, Hosten N, Puls R. Percutaneous biliary drainage in patients with nondilated intrahepatic bile ducts compared with patients with dilated intrahepatic bile ducts. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2010;195(4):851–7. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.09.3461.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Morita S, Kitanosono T, Lee D, Syed L, Butani D, Holland G, Waldman D. Comparison of technical success and adverse events of percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and biliary drainage between patients with and without transplanted liver. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2012;199(5):1149–52. https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.11.8281.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Villa NA, Harrison ME. Management of biliary strictures after liver transplantation. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y). 2015;11(5):316–28.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Akamatsu N, Sugawara Y, Hashimoto D. Biliary reconstruction, its adverse events and management of biliary adverse events after adult liver transplantation: a systematic review of the incidence, risk factors and outcome. Transpl Int. 2011;24(4):379–92. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-2277.2010.01202.x.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hutson DG, Russell E, Schiff E, Levi JJ, Jeffers L, Zeppa R. Balloon dilatation of biliary strictures through a choledochojejuno-cutaneous fistula. Ann Surg. 1984;199(6):637–47. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000658-198406000-00002.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Martin EC, Laffey KJ, Bixon R. Percutaneous transjejunal approaches to the biliary system. Radiology. 1989;172(3 Pt 2):1031–4. https://doi.org/10.1148/172.3.1031.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Entezari P, Soliman M, Malik A, et al. How endoscopic guidance augments nonvascular image-guided interventions. Radiographics. 2022;42(6):1845–60. https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.220013.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chehab MA, Thakor AS, Tulin-Silver S, et al. Adult and pediatric antibiotic prophylaxis during vascular and IR procedures: a society of interventional radiology practice parameter update endorsed by the cardiovascular and interventional radiological society of Europe and the Canadian association for interventional radiology. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2018;29(11):1483-1501.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvir.2018.06.007.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Robins C, Xiao N, Salem R, Malik A, Keswani RN, Riaz A. Percutaneous biliary neo-anastomosis or neo-duct creation using radiofrequency wires. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2022;45(3):337–43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-022-03059-5.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) Version 5.0. National institutes of health. Updated 04/19/21. Accessed 8 June 2022. https://ctep.cancer.gov/protocoldevelopment/electronic_applications/ctc.htm

Khalilzadeh O, Baerlocher MO, Shyn PB, et al. Proposal of a new adverse event classification by the society of interventional radiology standards of practice committee. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2017;28(10):1432-1437.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvir.2017.06.019.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Naidu SG, Alzubaidi SJ, Patel IJ, et al. Interventional radiology management of adult liver transplant adverse events. Radiographics. 2022;42(6):1705–23. https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.220011.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

McPherson SJ, Gibson RN, Collier NA, Speer TG, Sherson ND. Percutaneous transjejunal biliary intervention: 10-year experience with access via Roux-en-Y loops. Radiology. 1998;206(3):665–72. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.206.3.9494484.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Saad WE, Wallace MJ, Wojak JC, Kundu S, Cardella JF. Quality improvement guidelines for percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, biliary drainage, and percutaneous cholecystostomy. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2010;21(6):789–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvir.2010.01.012.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rodrigues T, Boike JR. Biliary strictures: etiologies and medical management. Semin Intervent Radiol. 2021;38(3):255–62. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1731086.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Scobie BA, Summerskill WH. Hepatic cirrhosis secondary to obstruction of the biliary system. Am J Dig Dis. 1965;10:135–46. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02236664.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Perry LJ. Percutaneous biliary drainage in patients with nondilated bile ducts: use of a transjejunal approach. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2000;175(1):268. https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.175.1.1750268.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Maroney TP, Ring EJ. Percutaneous transjejunal catheterization of Roux-en-Y biliary-jejunal anastomoses. Radiology. 1987;164(1):151–3. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.164.1.3588898.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sandhu J, Swersky A, Salsamendi J, Abrahams RB, Venkat S, Sleeman D, Mohan P. Utilization of a modified Roux-en-Y anastomosis as an access point for percutaneous transjejunal cholangioplasty of recurrent biliary strictures. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2019;42(12):1745–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-019-02335-1.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Committee AT, Enestvedt BK, Kothari S, et al. Devices and techniques for ERCP in the surgically altered GI tract. Gastrointest Endosc. 2016;83(6):1061–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2016.03.018.

Article  Google Scholar 

Ostroff JW. Management of biliary adverse events in the liver transplant patient. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y). 2010;6(4):264–72.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kohli DR, Aqel BA, Segaran NL, et al. Outcomes of endoscopic retrograde cholangiography and percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage in liver transplant recipients with a Roux-en-Y biliary-enteric anastomosis. Ann Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 2023;27(1):49–55. https://doi.org/10.14701/ahbps.22-037.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hammad H, Brauer BC, Smolkin M, Ryu R, Obuch J, Shah RJ. Treating biliary-enteric anastomotic strictures with enteroscopy-ERCP requires fewer procedures than percutaneous transhepatic biliary drains. Digest Dis Sci. 2019;64(9):2638–44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-019-05670-y.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chahal P, Baron TH, Poterucha JJ, Rosen CB. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography in post-orthotopic liver transplant population with Roux-en-Y biliary reconstruction. Liver Transpl. 2007;13(8):1168–73. https://doi.org/10.1002/lt.21198.