aStudium Patavinum, Department of Medicine. University of Padova, Padua, Italy

bHypertension Center STRIDE-7, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Third Department of Medicine, Sotiria Hospital, Athens, Greece

cCardiology Unit, Cittadella Town Hospital, Padova. Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

dFoundation-Medical Research Institutes, Geneva, Switzerland

eDepartment of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS

fDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca

gClinica Medica, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Monza, Italy

hCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

iUniversity Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy

jInstitute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Linder Hoehe

kMedical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany

lAutonomic Dysfunction Center and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA

mHypertension Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Mútua Terrassa, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Correspondence to Professor Paolo Palatini, Studium Patavinum, Department of Medicine – University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padua, Italy. Tel: +39 328 4617036; fax: +39 049 8754179; e-mail: [email protected]

Abbreviations: ABP, ambulatory blood pressure; ABPM, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring; ARIC, Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities; AUROC, area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve; BP, blood pressure; CARDIA, Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults; CARDIPP, Cardiovascular Risk factors in Patients with Diabetes-a Prospective study in Primary care; CRIC, The Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort; CV, cardiovascular; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; ERTS, exaggerated blood pressure response to standing; ESH, European society of hypertension; HARVEST, Hypertension and Ambulatory Recording VEnetia STudy; OHT, orthostatic hypertension; PARTAGE, Predictive Values of Blood Pressure and Arterial Stiffness in Institutionalized Very Aged Population; PWV, pulse wave velocity; RTS, blood pressure response to standing; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SHEP, Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program; SPRINT, Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial; WCE, white-coat effect

Received 6 February, 2024

Accepted 7 February, 2024